International HRM

Universal HARM International HRS the executives alludes to an expansion of HRS that identifies with having individuals working abroad. HRS experts will need to consider how to best give arrangements, practices and administrations to an assorted arrangement of representatives situated in possibly totally different areas and working environments.The contrasts among IHRAM and HARM include: includes working with a hierarchical structure that is increasingly unpredictable there are a more noteworthy number of progressively assorted partners gatherings to assess there is a rater Involvement In individuals' private lives in light of the exile component Diversity Is essential as far as the executives style more prominent number of outer impacts and dangers to comprehend and oversee Regardless of the sort of association, strategies, practices and HRS frameworks must be good and successful over the world, and need to adjust the requirements, needs and wants of all the different gatherings of w orkers, while remaining financially savvy. It should consider the accompanying. Scope of Manpower draws near: Ethnocentric: WHQL the board dispatched, Polytechnic: Local administration; worldwide; Right Person in right employment. The International Dimension: Contextual effect of Globalization; International adequacy of Organizations and the worldwide idea of Labor Markets. Social Orientations: Nationality Is significant in HARM on account of its impact on human practices and the ensuing limitations on the board activity. Understanding social assorted variety Is critical to dealing with a universal association effectively.Hefted characterizes 4 distinctive components of national culture: Individualism: Power Distance: vulnerability, shirking and manliness: Time Orientation: Hypotheses work is fascinating in that it exhibits that societies among a people remains tenaciously dissimilar regardless of intermingling in territories, for example, innovation and financial frameworks. Trampe rs is a scientist who has taken a gander at various components of societies. GLOBE Examines practices and qualities at modern association and cultural level. National Business Systems Institutional variety Is another significant determinant of contrasts between the predominant ways to deal with HARM found In various nations. A broadly propelled see Is cap the accompanying components affect how HRS is rehearsed on an everyday basis.Local Laws Enforcement Mechanisms Government and Policy Making Collective Bargaining Labor Markets National Training Policy/Agencies Pension Arrangement Social Security Systems Marathoner et al 2010, features the requirement for the acknowledgment of assorted variety, culture and national business frameworks which can be accomplished through: Strategic administration of corporate Identify, vision, crucial qualities Line chiefs need to mange the Capture the advantages of decent variety, influence inferred information Acknowledge neighborhood advertise infor mation Apply best practice over the gathering with worldwide projects Cross social administration advancement is basic. Representatives working universally should have the option to work viably in the nation and culture where they are set. This requires any expected chosen one to have an elevated level of mindfulness of their own presumptions and sensitivities. To work successfully their must look at their own way of life and see how this will affect on their Judgments and their impression of the practices of others from various social foundations.

Causes of Rework and cost overuns in construction of sea water Thesis Proposal

Reasons for Rework and cost overuns in development of ocean water desalination extends in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Thesis Proposal Example Desalination is a significant term, particularly for the nations where new water assets are rare. It could be any procedure that evacuates an immense measure of salt and different minerals from the water. Routinely, it is known as the methodology of drawing the salts and minerals. It is ideal to decontaminate your water with the procedure of desalinated and afterward use it for drinking and just as for irrigational exercises. This is a similar procedure which is being utilized by numerous seagoing boats and sub-marines (Love et. al. 2004). In today’s world, desalination is mostly utilized for creating savvy methods of giving new water to such districts of the reality where new water is in pitiful sum. In the event that you are meaning to do a huge scope desalination process, at that point you may likewise require enormously fueled frameworks yet it makes certain to build the cost you will pay on the general venture, so it is smarter to make the utilization of new water from waterways or wells and so on. As indicated by the evaluation performed n April 2010, Saudi Arab had a populace of 27,136,977 people out of which 18,707,576 were perceived as nationals and others were living with no nationality. Because of a mind-boggling financial and urban development of this nation, over 95% of the entire populace has been settled down at this point. A few urban areas even have densities of in excess of thousand individuals for every square kilometer. About half of the all out water utilized in this nation is produced by the procedure of desalination, though the other 40% is separated from the mining of non-inexhaustible groundwater, the staying 10% is essentially taken off from the surface water. This examination will feature the issues identified with desali9nation forms in Saudi Arab which cause cost invades. Issue Statement: The difficult which will be concentrated in this examination is: Causes of Rework and cost invades in development of ocean water desalination extends in Kingdom of Saud i Arabia. Research Objectives: There are four fundamental destinations of this examination which are recorded beneath: To consider existing ocean water desalination ventures for cost invades To investigate the reasons of improve and cost overwhelms in ocean water desalination activities To explore minimal effort choices which can control the expense of ocean water desalination extends in Saudi Arabia To discover methods of maintaining a strategic distance from this cost overwhelms if development of ocean water desalination extends in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Research Scope and impediment: This exploration will contemplate 2 situations where cost invade has been accounted for in development of ocean water desalination extends in Saudi Arab. Because of the limitation of time and financial plan, it is absurd to expect to consider the entire universe in this exploration. Nonetheless, the contextual investigation choice will be founded on the rules that the ventures which speak to and can feature the issues of all current desalination tasks ought to be picked. This examination is constrained as in few out of every odd existing ocean water desalination venture will be concentrated under it. Additionally, it isn't feasible for the specialist to concentrate each part of the issue being talked about, so this exploration is constrained to investigation of parts of cost overwhelm. Approach: For any examination, subjective or quantitative, essential or auxiliary, the most significant part is its procedure. System makes way for all further work to be done in any examination (Gauch, 2002). Research should be possible effectively and the destinations can be accomplished if the examination technique spread out to lead this exploration is appropriately arranged. As research approach is the thing that drives any examination towards its prosperity, its significance can never be sabotaged if there should be an occurrence of any exploration (Symon, et. al., 2000). This examination is centered essentially around essential information assortment. A ton of tests and trials have been directed to get the required

Ghost’s Child Essay Free Essays

Plume settled on the correct decision, he ought not have remained with Maddy. Introduction: Sonya Hartnett’s The Ghost’s Child uncovers the bewildering story of Matilda’s astounding excursion up the pile of life. Despite the fact that the flight of Feather tormented Maddy inwardly, the general result fundamentally helped her enthusiastic quality and certainty. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ghost’s Child Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Plume adored Maddy so much, yet he knew he couldn’t change, so he needed to do what was best for Maddy with the end goal for her to be cheerful. The loss of Feather just as the Fay urged Maddy to set out on numerous new undertakings. Toward the finish of Matilda’s radiant excursion of life, she was, genuinely, upbeat. BP1: All Feather needed was for Maddy to be glad, and the main way that was potential was to liberate her from herself by leaving her and releasing her. Maddy had believed that on account of the considerable number of times he crawled off to the sea shore, and to be with simply the water and sand, that â€Å"Feather didn’t care† about her, however it was not her, it was that Maddy was â€Å"less significant than this weird, puzzling gathering thing†. Plume knew he couldn’t change his way of life to live with Maddy, and on the off chance that he didn’t, he would keep on harming her inside. The best way to fulfill them the two was to leave. It was not the way that Feather couldn't change for Maddy, however that he was unable to change enough for Maddy. Plume is eager to do anything for Maddy to â€Å"make her happy†. In any event, when he says that â€Å"it makes no difference† to him, it really does, and he realizes that on the off chance that he does â€Å"move to the desert† with Maddy, they won’t have the option to live joyfully together as a result of Feathers desire to return to his previous lifestyle. Maddy was keeping Feather down by making him increasingly edified and transforming him to be something contrary to the individual she went gaga for. Subsequent to living with Feather for a long time, Maddy â€Å"still called him Feather, however it was anything but difficult to overlook why† in light of the new garments she made him wear and his hair was washed and looked brilliant, and he had quite recently lost the â€Å"strange smoky shine that swam from him† like the sun reflecting off a gold fish, in clear blue water. This shows Feather left Maddy, not exclusively to assist her with being upbeat, yet in addition to leave himself alone glad. BP2: When Feather left Maddy, he liberated her from the austere â€Å"box† inside her head, and empowered her to live without stressing over adoration or oss, and accordingly Maddy continued to have numerous incredible encounters that vigorously impacted her life. The loss of Feather strived Maddy to really accomplish something with her life, as opposed to harping on the entirety of the awful things that have occurred. Regardless of whether Feather intended to or not, he empowered Maddy to battle for what she needed, and really do the things she needed to do at this moment. The â€Å"island of stillness† gave Maddy numerous new encounters and helped her gain so much from them. The most imperative thing that Maddy learns on the island is that â€Å"love isn't the most grounded or most significant thing in the world†. She acknowledged the way that she had lost the Fay, and now was losing Feather. In the wake of learning this she can appropriately proceed onward with her life and leave Feather and every one of their recollections together previously. Maddy going to help with the war was a huge encounter as it gave her the revelation that she needed to be an eye specialist for the rest of her vocation. She was enlivened by the way that the visually impaired harmed men in the war had lost the greatest thing of all, â€Å"they had lost seeing wonderful things†. This discloses to us that one awful experience, can regularly prompt a few decent extraordinary encounters BP3: In the end, all of Matilda’s incredible excursions and undertakings love and misfortune, at long last empowered her to acknowledge that the loss of Feather helped her figure out how to be cheerful. Love can be ruthless and leave you harmed, yet in the long run we discover that we can move past this and gain from our encounters to assist us with turning out to be more astute increasingly learned. Through all the astounding great occasions, and the ever-enduring awful occasions, all Matilda’s recollections made up a general upbeat life. After the island of quietness and the war, Maddy was carrying on with her ideal life, work she needed to do and nothing to stress over. It is peculiar to think about the result in the event that she was all the while living with Feather, and on the off chance that she would do what she was doing now. At long last, in solitude â€Å"Matilda was remaining on the peak, and thinking back along the way she’d strolled and she was happy with what she saw. † Feather leaving, hurt Maddy, however more significantly it showed her important exercises throughout everyday life and gave her many astonishing encounters. Sonya Hartnett was attempting to clarify that affection can give you as much agony as it does joy and to truly encounter extraordinary love, you should initially encounter the terrible occasions just as the great. Regardless of whether something terrible does occur and you wind up losing the one thing you love most, you should acknowledge the way that it has occurred and that you can't transform it, and use it as a learning experience. Regardless of what occurs, you need to figure out how to proceed onward and appreciate the entirety of the beneficial things throughout everyday life. As Matilda’s eyes saw the last things they could ever observe, â€Å"on her face were the leftovers of a smile†. The most effective method to refer to Ghost’s Child Essay, Essay models

Gmat Essay Samples Analysis of an Argument

Gmat Essay Samples Analysis of an ArgumentGmat essay samples analysis of an argument is an essential part of writing a persuasive essay. For many, this technique is also an effective way to tell if a passage needs some correction.Analyzing an argument is crucial in Gmat essay samples analysis of an argument. This is why many use this technique as their first step in creating a persuasive essay.The process begins by taking a close look at your argument. Do you have an opinion? Does it support your thesis?The second step in analyzing an argument is to locate the significant point in your argument. An important moment in your argument is the introduction of a point. Just because you present a situation or point doesn't mean you have to always fall back on that point. If you wish to get creative with your essay, you may place a question or answer at the end of the argument.Your conclusion should be persuasive and worth your reader's time. The three Gmat essay samples analysis of an argum ent techniques to give a great example of the common use of arguments and perspectives. When you use them in combination, your essay will speak the truth and not fall back on your argument or perspective.Another Gmat essay samples analysis of an argument technique that you will find useful is using the discourse or sentence. With this technique, you take a particular thought sentence and use it as a method of demonstrating your point. For example, if you are writing about some scenarios, you could begin by explaining the situation and then use that sentence to support your thesis. Of course, the reader will likely think this sentence is simplistic or incorrect, so you must use strong argument to keep them interested. Writing with a purpose is a key to success in writing, but using these techniques will help you refine your argument so that you know you are stating the truth. Most importantly, practice helps!

Glossary of Historical Terms

All eras of history have their own terms and words unique to them; if you’re lucky, they’ll even be in a language you speak. But the act of studying history has a range of terms too, and this page will explain the historiographical terms used both throughout the site, and the books students commonly need. Read these  tips for writing a history paper. History Terms From A to Z Archive: A collection of documents and records. Archives can be huge and take years to adequately master (or, in the case of some museums, even longer), and they can just be small but deliberate groupings of material. They are the homes of the previous generation of historians but are increasingly going online. ​Autobiography: An individuals account of their life. The auto part means that individual has had major input, if not writing it themselves, but this doesn’t mean the work will be historically accurate. The historian will have to judge that, but it does mean it’s the past as the individual wishes it to be remembered.Bibliography: A list of works, including books, journals, and essays, on a particular subject. Most serious historical works have a bibliography of what was used to create it, and most students and readers are encouraged to use it as a basis for exploration.Biography: An account of an individuals life, written by another person. This might be a historian, it might be a hack selling tawdry rumors and needs to be assessed just as carefully as an autobiography.Book Review: A critical examination of a text, usually including a summary of the work and opposing views. Journalistic book reviews will tend to focus on whether the book is good, academic book reviews will tend to place the book in the context of the field (and whether it’s good.)Context: The background and specific circumstances of a subject, such as an authors lifestyle, or the weather during a car crash. Context is absolutely everything when it comes to analyzing  a document, or setting the scene for your essay.Discipline: The study, or practice, of a subject using a specific set of methods, terms, and approaches. History is a discipline, as is Archaeology, Chemistry or Biology.Encyclopedia: A written reference work, composed of informative articles arranged alphabetically. These can either focus on a particular subject or, in the case of the Encyclopaedi a Britannica, on everything. The more an encyclopedia covers, the less depth it tends to have, so volumes specific to your target subject are the goal.History: Either the study of the past or the product of our attempts to understand the past. See ‘the Past’ below for the full explanation.Historian: An individual who studies the past.Historiography: Either the methods and principles used in the study of history or the written result.Interdisciplinary: The study, or practice, of a subject which applies the methods and approaches of several disciplines. For instance, while History, Literature, and Archaeology are separate disciplines, they can be combined.Journal: A periodical which normally deals with a specific issue, for instance, National Geographic. By periodical, we mean a sort of magazine.Past, The: Events which happened previously in time. It might sound strange to have ‘history’ and ‘the past’ meaning different things, but the distinctio n is important when you remember that all our attempts to narrate and explain earlier events are affected by our own biases and difficulties of time and transmission. What historians have done is used ‘The Past’ as a base point: this is what happened, this is what most people think of as history. Historians then consider ‘history’ as the product of our attempts to recreate the past.Primary Sources: Material from, or directly related to, the past. In History, primary sources are usually letters, records or other documents created during the period that is being studied, such as diaries, legal notices or accounts. However, primary sources can include photographs, jewelry, and other items.Reference Work: A text, usually in the form of a dictionary or encyclopedia which contains facts and information, but not normally discussions.Secondary Sources: Material created by somebody removed from the event being studied - who was either not at the event, or was workin g later. For instance, all history textbooks are secondary sources.

Essay Case study of BMWs expansion into China - 2015 Words

Why has BMW planned to build its second factory in Shenyang, China? Introduction This case study will investigate the car manufacturer BMW and its recent plans to increase production in the Chinese market. BMW is a Transnational Corporation which can be defined as ‘a firm that has the power to coordinate and control operations in more than one country’ (Dicken, 2011, p.110). The automotive industry for years has been very static, but the automotive power is now shifting. Over the past decade there have been drastic changing patterns of consumption, for example China has experienced rapid changes in their GDP, growing by 10% per annum (World Bank, online). Car production is now shifting to new regions of the world with Japan and†¦show more content†¦For BMW this has meant that they have been able manufacture their vehicles in China without having to train highly skilled workers in Shenyang. BMW are therefore able to manufacture and sell their products in the same country, saving money on exporting the goods fully assembled. 3. Shenyang Shenyang is the 4th largest city in China and has been an important industrial centre for China since the 1930’s. In understanding why BMW have built factories in Shenyang, four aspects need to be addressed; Governance, embeddedness, transport and communication. Shenyang is an attractive place for TNC’s. Shenyang operates under an â€Å"open space† system of governance, which means that the Government has limited influence on its activities. Actors such as the Chinese government offer investment subsidies for companies such as BMW to locate there. One clause of receiving this subsidy is that each foreign company has to strategically couple with a Chinese company. Therefore in 2004 when BMW first moved into China they made a joint venture of â‚ ¬450 Million with Brilliance Automotive, one of China’s leading car manufacturers (BBC, 2003). This has proven a success and BMW are continuing this venture with their expansion, investing $73.5 Million in a new factory (Global Auto Sources, online). The Manufacturing embeddedness of Shenyang is a key reason for why BMW have experienced success and why they are expanding inShow MoreRelatedBmw Brand Analysis Essay3876 Words   |  16 Pagestwin-kidney shaped radiator grills on the 303. Its design can still be found on the manufacture’s cars today. After World War Two, the company was faced with destroyed factories and a three-year ban on producing anything because of an allied mandate for BMW’s participation in the manufacturing of rockets and aircraft engines during the war. In 1951, the manufacturer began producing cars again despite the lack of any solid financial backing, and it wasn’t until 1956 that BMW recovered with its famousRead MoreBavarian Motor Works: Business Analysis and Recommendations2501 Words   |  10 Pagesowning a brand which can be equated to efficiency, quality as well as engineering expertise (Trout,2005).BMW therefore has maintained its position as the be the worlds leading premium car manufacturer in terms of volume and sales (BMW Group,2011).BMWs three automobile brands namely BMW, Rolls-Royce and MINI are noted by the group to have set new individual records. A total of 113,000 clients are noted to have purchased a Husqvarna or BMW motorcycle. BMW Group (2011) also noted that their FinancialRead MoreBmw : Redefining Premium Brand13383 Words   |  54 Pages |4 | |Figures............................................................................................................... | | | BMW Case Study |5 | |.....................................................................................................................Read MoreEnvironmental Analysis Bmw Group5069 Words   |  21 Pagesglobal motor vehicle market by increasing sales to more than two million automobiles per year† (BMW Education, 2007). Since 2007, BMW Group has two future targets: to be profitable and to enhance long-term value in times of change (BMW Group, 2012). BMW’s focus on â€Å"engineering excellence† continues to promote the company’s strong, successful brand image. At the heart of BMW Group is the ambition to produce vehicles that are exclusive yet also available for a mass market. 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(Langley 2004, p691-711) Although the more stringent laws can eat away atRead MoreThe Strategy of International Business7464 Words   |  30 PagesThe Strategy of International Business Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: The Evolving Strategy of Coca-Cola INTRODUCTION STRATEGY AND THE FIRM Value Creation Strategic Positioning Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain Organization: The Implementation of Strategy In Sum: Strategic Fit GLOBAL EXPANSION, PROFITABILITY, AND PROFIT GROWTH Expanding the Market: Leveraging Products and Competencies Location Economies ExperienceRead More Comparison of Supply Chain Management Practices Essay5015 Words   |  21 Pageseffectiveness. These practices ensure production and distribution of merchandise in the right quantities, locations, and time. Efficient supply chain management can provide a source of competitive advantage to an organisation (Christopher, 2012). 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Introduction Chapter To following introduction chaper, we specify to study about the Electric cars industry. Tesla Motor is the electric car company which presented in Denmark not so long time ago. There are challenges to deeply study internal and external in order to answer our research question and sub questions with marketing strategies models, financial analysis and statistics. 2. Motivation TheRead MoreTesla Motors15249 Words   |  61 Pagesmentioned because it will be a start with the improvement, one’s end is another one’s beginning. 1. Introduction Chapter To following introduction chaper, we specify to study about the Electric cars industry. Tesla Motor is the electric car company which presented in Denmark not so long time ago. There are challenges to deeply study internal and external in order to answer our research question and sub questions with marketing strategies models, financial analysis and statistics. 2. Motivation

Proposal to Clinical Extensions Programs

Question: WritetheProposal to Clinical Extensions Programs. Answer: Mr. Wayne Hasseblaink New South Wales, United Kingdom Swansea, NE2 4PZ September 30, 2016 Dr. Ekaterina Trindafilova Senior manager Swansea Nursing Home NE2 3BX Swansea, NE2 4PZ Dear Madam, I am a long time health practitioner as a clinical officer in the Swansea nursing home, and am writing to express my full support in the project for controlling and preventing illnesses. The diseases I seek to address in this letter are the flu virus, gastrointestinal infections such as constipation, anal diseases and diverticular diseases. I understand that some individuals within our locality have raised complaints over the rampant nature of the aforementioned illnesses and the lack of adequate medical care facilities. However, I am one of the citizens of this country, particularly in this location, and the manner with which this phenomenon has affected us is an issue that deserves consideration. Therefore measures such as screening diseases, clinical and effective governance, good communication, risk management are indispensable in improving the health conditions of people in the society (Polin Byington, 2012). Inferently, clinical and effective governance requires a strong plan on the dispensation of medical services that focuses the allocation of resources to help in fighting the flu virus. Additionally, the incorporation of statistical data in analyzing how the illnesses mentioned are being controlled in the community should be done annually through clinical governance. Furthermore, clinical risk management improves the merit of distribution of medical care by educating the public on the risk of contracting flu and gastrointestinal infections. Moreover, risk management would be important to both the public and the health workers as both are in risk of contracting flu virus as it is highly communicable (Brennan Flynn, 2013). It is my view that screening is important in the control and prevention of urinary tract infections. The inclusion of an effective programme on free screening of the public in hospitals in Swansea and Wales as a whole helps in the early diagnosis of these infections which will enhance their control. Undoubtedly, many people cannot afford the finances to go for screening as it is extremely expensive, therefore government support in this initiative will improve the diagnosis of urinary infections such as colitis and anal infections. However, screening will only be effective if there is good governance in the allocation of resources to purchase the required equipment. Collaborations with regional offices in supporting providing resources and incentives, alongside good leadership enhances the prevention of the flu and urinary infections. Therefore, it is important for the government in charge of my locality and the health officials to put measures in place that will serve to help in coordinating various systems of the medical fraternity (Frenk Moon, 2013). Through this means the public will be duly served and supply of equipment to the nursing home will be effective. Due to the continuous spread of flu, gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections and their rampant nature my locality, identifications of outreach programmes and their execution ability is important. It is my view that constructive research should be carried out to gather views of the public through embracing focus group dialogue with the target population. Through this research, the target group will create help in the creation of goals of the campaign ought to be achieved in relation to the regulation of these diseases in our locality. These measures are achievable when the frameworks from which they are derived are founded on a good understanding. In a bid to ensure effective control of these illnesses, the need to observe behavioral changes in t social learning and marketing on the part of the community is of important (World Health Organization, 2012). I urge you to move forward on the mechanisms proposed above for the control and prevention of urinary infections, flu and gastrointestinal infections. I am looking forward to your response. Yours sincerely, Mr. Wayne Hasseblaink. References Brennan, N. M., Flynn, M. A. (2013). Differentiating clinical governance, clinical management and clinical practice. Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 18(2), 114-131. Frenk, J., Moon, S. (2013). Governance challenges in global health. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(10), 936-942. Polin, R. A., Denson, S., Brady, M. T., Papile, L. A., Baley, J. E., Carlo, W. A., Byington, C. L. (2012). Strategies for prevention of health careassociated infections in the NICU. Pediatrics, 129(4), e1085-e1093. World Health Organization. (2012). Global strategy for dengue prevention and control 2012-2020.

Impact of Financial Crisis on International Trade free essay sample

The work described in this paper was substantially supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project no. HKUST6212/00H). 253 254 Zihui Ma and Leonard K. Cheng Forbes (2001) went further to construct some statistics measuring the importance of trade linkages in transmitting crises. Because most economists agree that international trade is one of the important factors in explaining ? nancial crises, it seems natural and logical to ask the reverse question: what are the e? ects of ? nancial crises on international trade? Surprisingly, little research on this subject has been done. Perhaps the reason is that the answer appears to be obvious. Conventional wisdom would predict that a ? nancial crisis, by bringing about a recession in the macroeconomy, would lead to a drop in imports. Exports, however, may rise because of both a decline in domestic demand and a devaluation of the domestic currency. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Financial Crisis on International Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A weakening or collapse of the ? nancial system, in particular the banking system, however, might weaken the country’s export capability. So the aggregate e? ects of a ? nancial crisis on the macroeconomy are unclear. This paper tries to ascertain whether the ambiguity can be resolved empirically. We divide all the past ? nancial crises into two types: banking crises and currency crises. These two di? erent types of crises had di? erent attributes and di? erent e? ects on international trade. This paper begins by analyzing theoretically the e? ects of banking and currency crises on international trade. Then it uses bilateral trade data, macroeconomic data, and geographic data to test the theoretical predictions. Overall, the empirical results provide support for the theoretical predictions. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it provides a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of ? nancial crises on international trade and the channels of crises transmission through trade. Second, it estimates the e? ects of banking crises and currency crises on imports and exports. The estimated results can be used to predict the impact of ? nancial crises on trade, thus providing useful information for risk management to policymakers. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 8. 2 reviews previous works on the relationship between international trade and ? ancial crisis. Sections 8. 3 and 8. 4 analyze the e? ects of banking crises and of currency crises on trade, respectively. Section 8. 5 describes the data and methods used to estimate the e? ects of these crises. Section 8. 6 reports the results of empirical estimation and statistical testing. Section 8. 7 concludes. 8. 2 Literature Review: Trade and Financial Crises Economists pay attention to the role played by trade in ? nancial crises for two reasons. First, trade imbalance has been shown to be one of the important factors that trigger ? nancial crises. Current de? cits may decrease foreign reserves. As Krugman (1979) pointed out, a currency crisis is more likely to happen in an economy that does not have enough foreign reserves. The E? ects of Financial Crises on International Trade 255 Second, ? nancial crises may be transmitted through trade linkages from an a? ected country to others despite the latter’s relatively good fundamentals. In explaining such contagion e? ects, economists have tried to identify the channels through which contagion was spread. As trade is the most obvious economic linkage between countries, much research has been devoted to this connection. While the importance of trade imbalance in triggering crises is widely accepted, there is no agreement on the importance of trade in transmitting ? nancial crises. Eichengreen and Rose (1999) used a binary-probit model to test whether bilateral trade linkages transmitted crises between industrial countries between 1959 and 1993. They found that the probability of a ? nancial crisis occurring in a country increased signi? cantly if the country had high bilateral trade linkages with countries in crises. They concluded that trade was an important factor. Glick and Rose (1999) conducted a similar analysis with more countries between 1971 and 1997 and obtained a similar result. Forbes (2000) used a company’s stock market data to study the importance of trade in ? nancial crises transmission, and his result also showed that trade played an important role. However, other papers have provided di? erent answers to the problem. For instance, Baig and Goldfajn (1998) thought that trade linkage was unimportant in the East Asian Crisis because the direct bilateral trade volumes between these economies were very small. Masson (1998), analyzing the Mexican crisis and the Asian crisis, obtained similar results. All the papers that analyzed the relationship between trade and ? nancial crises ignored the reverse question: how did ? nancial crises a? ect international trade? We argue that the e? ects of ? nancial crises on trade are a precondition for discussing whether trade transmits crises. If ? nancial crises do not a? ect countries’ imports and exports at all, how can ? nancial crises be transmitted through the trade channel? So before we analyze the importance of trade in transmitting ? ancial crises, we need to clarify the e? ects of ? nancial crises on international trade. As pointed out previously, little work has been done on this topic to date. It seems there is a belief that ? nancial crises only a? ect countries’ imports and exports through changes in the exchange rates. Because the e? ects of exchange rates have already been thoroughly analyzed before, it may seem that there is no need to study the question. However, this view may not be correct. A devaluation of a national currency will increase the volume of exports and reduce the volume of imports. Classic international trade theory shows that a devaluation improves the trade balance if the Marshall-Lerner condition is satis? ed. Because in a ? nancial crisis a country usually experienced a devaluation of its national currency, the same analysis would apply, that is, the a? ected countries’ imports will decrease, but their exports will increase after the crises. Furthermore, ? nancial crises (including currency crises, banking crises, 256 Zihui Ma and Leonard K. Cheng or both) could also a? ect trade through channels besides the exchange rate. Calvo and Reinhart (1999) pointed out that ? nancial crises usually caused capital account reversal (sudden stop) and triggered an economic recession. Mendoza (2001) showed that in an economy with imperfect credit markets these sudden stops could be an equilibrium outcome. The economic recession reduces not only domestic demand but also total output and export capability, whereas capital out? ow forces the country to increase export. Thus, whether exports increase or decrease after ? nancial crises is unclear without further analysis. Before we analyze how ? nancial crises a? ct the crisis countries’ imports and exports, let us ? rst de? ne ? nancial crises. Eichengreen and Bordo (2002) have provided de? nitions of currency crises and banking crises: For an episode to qualify as a currency crisis, we must observe a forced change in parity, abandonment of a pegged exchange rate, or an international rescue. For an episode to qualify as a banking crisis, we must observe either ba nk runs, widespread bank failures and suspension of convertibility of deposits into currency such that the latter circulates at a premium relative to deposits (a banking panic), or signi? ant banking sector problems (including but not limited to bank failures) resulting in the erosion of most or all of banking system collateral that are resolved by a ? scally-underwritten bank restructuring. (15–16) The above de? nitions are adopted in this paper. In the next two sections, we analyze the e? ects of banking crises and currency crises on the macroeconomy and trade. 8. 3 Impact of Banking Crises A classical framework of bank runs was developed by Diamond and Dybvig (1983). Let us recapitulate the key elements of their model. Agents are endowed with goods that can be invested in a long-term project or stored without costs. The long-term project is pro? table but illiquid, that is, if investors do not liquidate the project before it matures, its return is greater than the initial investment; however, if the project is liquidated before it matures, the ? re-sale return is less than the initial investment. Each agent can be impatient or patient with ? xed probabilities, but there is no aggregate uncertainty, that is, the total number of impatient agents is ? xed and known by all agents. At the beginning, agents do not know their own types but must decide if they will invest in the project. After they have invested (or have decided not to invest), but before the project matures, each agent realizes his or her own type. Impatient agents must consume immediately, whereas patient agents do not consume anything until the project matures. Agents’ types are private information, so even if each agent knows his or her own type, other people do not know. The E? ects of Financial Crises on International Trade 257 On the one hand, if an agent does not invest in the project but turns out to be patient, then the agent has missed a pro? table investment opportunity.

True Friendship Essay Example

True Friendship Essay Example True Friendship Essay True Friendship Essay Francisco Castro English 11 Mr. Woythaler/Mr. Lombardo February 27, 2010 In the novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck many topics come up throughout the story. Topics that are about bonds between two people and about people who are lonely. These controlling ideas are used to make different themes in the story. The novella Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck expresses themes of Friendship and Loneliness through various literary elements. The theme of a true friend that is always there when he rather is somewhere else is expressed through the use of characterization and conflict. George is characterized as a serious, short tempered man but he has a strong bond with Lennie. He had always told a story with Lennie about a dream and while he was saying the story Lennie says, â€Å"But not us! An’ why? Because . . . because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after me and that’s why† (14). George always is angered by mistakes Lennie does and sometimes wishes he wasn’t with Lennie but he stays because he really needs him and Lennie needs him too. Lennie is characterized as a slow-witted friendly man. Lennie is a loving person he is the nicest creature but he has a strength that he cannot control. He is so strong he can’t control it sometimes and it has caused Curley to break his hand and the death of Curley’s wife. He is slow-witted and needs George to guide him but sometimes he wants control so he likes to pet things and take control over them. Conflict is another literary device that helps develop the theme. The Conflict between Lennie and Curley when Lennie had killed Curley’s wife accidently showed the friendship between George and Lennie. George decided to kill Lennie so that Lennie would die without knowing instead of being possibly tortured and dying with the knowledge of it. George told Lennie his story about their dream and shot him in the back of the head without knowing so Lennie died happily. George ironically saved his friend from being killed by killing him in order of making sure he doesn’t die with torture. This theme was made because of literary devices and can make more themes throughout the story. The theme

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration Assignment - 3

Push and pull factors in Syrian migration - Assignment Example When the war started in Syria, it was a matter of a few bombings which shook the Syrian households. Many of them decided to move away from the neighborhood and come back once the crisis situation is covered (Semple, 2014). However, situations worsened to the degree that many of these people who had only left home for a few days, had to flee the country in order to sustain their families. The United Nations has been undertaking massive rehabilitation programs to ensure that the refugees in the camp are resettled in other countries. Many Syrian families are settled in United States and have been looking to resume normal life. But is it all that easy? Governments may crash and powers might be taken away, but what affects the life of common people the most is the loss of one’s own family, homes, and stability in life. One of the greatest influencers in a person’s life is the education that he receives during childhood and teenage times. Children of such migrant families and those who have stayed back in Syria have not been able to attend a full fledged school for quite some time now. This crash of education system further gives them more reason to migrate to other countries, where at least through education, they will be able to revive their lives and take care of their families. In a study that concentrated on tracing the lives of Syrian families which had been forced to migrate, it was found that the refugees were mostly legal, but there were many sections of them who had migrated illegally and were stuck in the middle of nowhere. According to the survey, it was found that the number of illegal immigrants trying to migrate to Europe had steadily risen over the years, while there was a sharp rise in their number in 2013 (Stevis, 2014). If the world order has to take control of its unfortunate members, then it is high t8ime the major moves were

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers Research Paper

Unequal Rules for Women Entrepreneurs and Workers - Research Paper Example "Increasing women's economic opportunities improves the well-being of families and communities, reduces poverty, and stimulates economic growth," said Rita Ramalho, lead author of the report. "Many factors shape women's opportunities to run successful businesses and get good jobs. Equitable business regulations are one piece of the puzzle." Women, Business and the Law2010analyzes differences in formal laws and institutions affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across six topics-accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, dealing with taxes, building credit, and going to court. The report is the first to measure the gender gap in policy variables using quantitative and objective data. It does not measure all aspects that matter for women's economic opportunities. For example, it does not measure access to childcare, education, or personal security. "Gender differentiation in law sometimes arises out of a desire to protect women, but it may inadvertently limit their opportunities," said Penelope Brook, Director of the Global Indicators and Analysis Department of the World Bank Group.

Dr. Jekyll and Hyde analysis Essay Example for Free

Dr. Jekyll and Hyde analysis Essay The only reason he would be acting like this, even though Jekyll is ofa higher class, he wants to be associated with Hyde for a reason he does not want his friends to know. As if Jekyll was not acting odd enough already he defends Hyde no matter he does, Jekyll always attempts to justify Hydes actions. Also he has listed everything in his will to Mr. Hyde for unknown reasons at the time only raising more curiosity from the charcters in the book as well as the reader. Throughout known history London has been seen as a symbol of wealth and prosparity, but Stevenson shows the other side. And if any time he dozed over, it was but to see it glide more stealthily, even to dizziness, through wider labyrinths of lamp-lighed city, and at every street corner(Stevenson 8). The city of London is drastically different from peoples general idea of that city. Most people think of all the hisorical landmarks and areas, not the poorer sections that Stevenson tends to focus on. He may be doing this to help sumbliminatley further the idea of the duality in people. Maybe trying to convince the people that if a city can be split in its personality so can the people of this world. Earlier the Ying-Yang was compared to Jekyll and Hyde and it was extremly well demonstraighted towards the end of this book when it is revealed to the reader that Jekyll revealed he wanted to be Hyde. The power of volventary chance be forfieted, and the character of Edward Hyde become irrevocably mine0ekyll/Hyde 48). Jekyll had always wanted to be a rulebreaker like Hyde, growing up in wealthy family he had a reason and a need to rebel against what was exspected of him. Jekyll seemed to want to live on the other side of life to experience all aspects of what life at the ime had to offer. It is Just a natural instinct of some people to rebel out of not being satisfyed. Or, in Dr. Jekylls case wanting to experence the other side in this world. Stevenson repeatedly brings up this idea throughout the text, while never coming out and saying it. Stenson is able to bring this idea up in every readers mind multiple times. This story was also possibly wrote to show everyone that has read it that nobody is purely good or evil, there is no black or white, that everyone no matter what they do is Just a shade of gray. Dr. Jekyll and Hyde analysis By zooglicious

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway :: Essays Papers

Gathering at the River: Cruising on East Speedway "Whither goest thou, America, in thy shiny car in the night?" -Jack Kerouac, On the Road Roll the windows down, turn the music up, and drive slowly. Now you're cruising. Cruising is the art of seeing and being seen, and in Tucson the center of this art is Speedway Boulevard. This six-lane street runs east to west through Tucson and is one of the busiest thoroughfares in the city. It hosts a mix of commercial and private buildings: small shops, offices, restaurants, grocery stores, apartment buildings and older homes, as well as the University of Arizona. Despite the apartments and occasional houses, Speedway is mostly a commercial street populated with strip malls and other businesses. Cruising is most visible along the more commercial, business-oriented East Speedway, which for the purposes of this essay is defined as the three mile stretch of road from Alvernon to Wilmot. Like most streets, Speedway was built for an entirely practical reason: to conduct automobile traffic from one place to another with a minimum of waiting. This utilitarian reason is inverted by cruising. The purpose of cruising, unlike driving, is not to arrive but to not arrive. Cruising is a social activity wherein the cars become tools for meeting other people as well as a means of getting from one place to another. The reputation of cruising, and of the nighttime Speedway, is not nearly so benign. As traffic slows and the music increases, the character of Speedway as a place - that is, a focus for human memory and experience - changes to reflect the activities and desires of the cruisers. The character of Speedway as a place is temporal and spatial; the street of Friday midnight is radically different from the street of Tuesday morning. Daytime drivers quickly change lanes in an attempt to find the one which will deliver them to their destinations the fastest. Speed and efficacy define the daytime Speedway. As the type of driver changes, so does the driver's reason for being there. The weekday commute is replaced by the weeknight cruise. The drivers also become, as a group, less diverse in terms of age and gender. The majority of cruisers appeared to be teenagers. Also, though I saw many young women, the majority of cruisers were male.

Akron’s children Hospital (Case Study)

Akron Children’s Hospital started as a day care nursery provider in 1890 and became one of the largest pediatric healthcare system in the united state. Akron Children’s Hospital is located in a friendly community of Akron, Ohio. With more than 3000 pediatric specialists Akron Children’s Hospital offers over 30 practice areas of medicine and surgery specialized for children which help the hospital draw over half a million patients a year not only from the United states, but also from all over the world(akronchildrens. org). Akron Children’s Hospital mission is to provide medical treatments to infants, children, adolescents, as well as burn victims of all ages. The hospital also provide basic and clinical research and provide multi-level professional education students of medicine, nursing, as well as Akron residents and various allied health professions. Moreover, the hospital is continuing to provide education to encourage and to make it easy on the process of lifelong learning for physicians and other children’s care providers in the health care industry. Akron Children’s Hospital commitment is to maintain the maximum quality of care for children by using the latest modern technology and equipment available. Akron is committed to promote integrity, emphasize the dignity, family member and fellow employee to follow the topmost standards of ethical conduct. The hospital is committed to maintain and press forward the hospital’s leadership role to successfully work pleasantly with other health care networks providers, community organizations, businesses as well as government to maintain a proficient professional allied and lastly operation. According to Cooper & Schindler† the basic dilemma and starting trying to develop other question by breaking down the original question is the right way to approach the research process†( Cooper & Schindler,2008). The management-research question hierarchy for Akron Children’s Hospital is that the hospital faces is how to raise the bed-occupancy rate and what can the hospital do to gain more business than its competitors. Another dilemma in Akron’s case the management is that Akron Children’s hospital distinguishing itself from many of their competitors. The research question for Akron Children’s hospital was about expending their service beyond Summit County to other different counties such as Cuyahoga County, Portage County, Mahoning County, and Medina County, which will increase the number of the patient and bring more profit. Some of the investigative questions for Akron Children’s hospital were as follow: How do children’s parent decides which hospital to take their children to, when their children need acute care? Is their decision driven simply by emotion? Is the financing a determine factor? Is the quality of service a factor on their decision? (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). During the research process Marcus Tomas LLC team had to observed physicians, parents, and child patients during testing, diagnosis, and treatment phases, they were also observing while kids were during checkups, admitted to the ER, undergoing surgery as well as prepping for surgery. They pay great detail to the interactions of patients and physicians, nurses and other staff members; they pay attention, physical and emotional reactions and heart-wrenching conversations (Copper, Schindler, 2008, cases, p. 2). The Advantages of it all is that researcher s can see a step- by-step first-hand the experiences between parents, children and hospital staff in the hospital. Furthermore, Researchers can immediately record their observances and findings. The recordings of audio or video were very good solid evidence therefore there weren’t not a lot of room for error in this method. Researchers made sure that all staff of the hospital was fully invested into the well-being of their child patients. The researchers were able to see how technology, highly energetic staff, highly knowledgeable staff and full compassion for the children work in collaboration. They saw a very strong desire by the entire hospital for the children recover and be the best they can possibly be once leaving the hospital. Some of the disadvantages are that researchers did not gain any knowledge of past experiences if all they do is watching the present. Researchers cannot really gain opinions by this method. Equipment and staffing can be extremely expensive. Some test subjects may act different or be more anxious if they know someone is watching and/or recording interactions. Conclusively Akron Children’s Hospital management and executives have come to conclusion and realized that the process of overcome the competitors surfing above competitor’s shadow, also generating an effective marketing plan will require an extensive qualitative research. They made a decision of hiring Marcus Thomas LLC. Overall the research was well executed because in the long run Akron Children’s Hospital was able to gain an increase on the number of patients admitted to the hospital, as the result of a better comprehension based on the patients’ parent point of view about their needs and their perspectives. References Cooper, R. D., & Schindler, S. P. (2008). Business Research Methods. (10th Edition) New York: McGray-Hill/Irwin. Cooper, R. D., & Schindler, S. P. (2008). Business Research Methods – Cases. (10th Edition) New York: McGray-Hill/Irwin. (N. D). (2010). Corporate info. Akronchildrens.org. Retrieved May 23, 2013 from: https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/site/14908a4d74b348d5/index.html (N.D). (2010). Akron Children's Hospital, Ohio /overview. U.S.News & World. Retrieved May 23, 2013 from:http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/akron-children's-

Comparative Research On Quantitative Research - 1065 Words

The approach that is utilized in this study is a quantitative method. This method was chosen in order for the researcher to see the statistical side of the data collected. â€Å"Quantitative research also called â€Å"empirical research,† refers to any research based on something that can be accurately and precisely measured.† (Nursing Resources: Qualitative VS. Quantitative, 2017). Within the study of the quantitative method was casual-comparative research. Casual-comparative research tends to identify how different groups are affected by the same circumstances (Klazema, 2014). This allowed the researcher to be able to ask the same questions to each respondent and the respondents to be able to answer the write in questions and compare it to†¦show more content†¦This raised the brow of the researcher because young respondents had a career or already owned a business. While overviewing the survey the researcher was stunned to find out that the respondents who were younger did not feel that the profession should be legal. This is significant because millennials are seen as the accepting generation. According to my survey results some millennials are not as accepting to change such as prostitution legalization. In contrast, those who were older were in favor of the profession being legal. The researcher realized that one can not infer about someone’s viewpoint because of their age or generation label. â€Å"Appendix C: Survey Questions† displays the questions that each respondent was required to answer. The questions that were given was: What is your age range? What is your occupation? Should prostitution be considered a profession? Should prostitution be legalized? Would crime against sex workers decrease if prostitution became legal? Would the legalization of prostitution be financially beneficial to the economy? 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